Bupivacaine is the most widely used local anesthetic agent across majority of the Cardiac Implantable Electronic device (CIED) implant procedures in the United States. It is hypothesized that the combination of Bupivacaine-Ketorolac-Ketamine (BKK) is more effective in alleviating perioperative and postoperative pain as compared to the use of bupivacaine alone. A few studies have been done to look for the effectiveness of BKK in abdominal surgical procedures. However, no study has been done to evaluate its efficacy and effectiveness in patients undergoing CIED insertion.
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Comparative efficacy/superiority of BKK compared to bupivacaine alone in reducing the pain intensity
Timeframe: Upto 1 week
Comparative efficacy/superiority of BKK compared to bupivacaine alone in providing comfort
Timeframe: Upto 1 week
Comparative efficacy/superiority of BKK compared to bupivacaine alone in Quality of Life (QoL)
Timeframe: Upto 1 week