Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between GentleWave® and Biolase®

Inclusion Criteria: * Male and female patients 14 years of age or older (maximum of 99 years of age) o Participants 14 years of age or older are expected to have permanent teeth erupted in full permanent dentition with close apices * The subject tooth is indicated for root canal treatment * One tooth indicated per participant * Permanent tooth requiring root canal treatment which are deemed restorable * Teeth exhibiting pulpal pathosis (irreversible pulpitis, pulpal necrosis, previously initiated root canal treatment) and apical periodontitis (with radiographic demonstration of periapical bone loss) * Patient-signed informed consent/assent form * Patients display good compliance o Patient is determined cooperative by provider during initial exam and radiographic acquisition Exclusion Criteria: * Patients allergic to local or topical anesthetics, heart disease (pacemakers, implantable defibrillators), lung disease, bleeding disorders, immune system deficiency * Subject tooth is not clinically restorable (prosthetically or periodontally) * Mobility scores greater than or equal to 2 * Periodontal pocket depths greater than or equal to 6mm * Cracks with radicular extension, vertical root fracture or horizontal - oblique fracture * Subject tooth with open or incomplete apices (apical diameter greater than 1mm) * Subject tooth has insufficient tooth structure to create GWS platform * Subject tooth has external cervical root resorption * Subject tooth has signs o…