CompletedNot Applicable

Nationwide Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools

United States648 participantsStarted 2023-05-11

Plain-language summary

This observational study will collect data and address the following three specific aims. Aim 1: To determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of intentional shootings in a sample of 650+ K-12 public schools. Primary Aim 1 hypothesis -- The total number of cumulative safety tactics and policies will be significantly associated with intentional school shootings. Secondary Aim 1 hypothesis -- When organized into three domains (physical target hardening, emergency response and technologies, and school security), the total number of safety tactics and policies within each domain will be significantly associated with intentional school shootings. Aim 2: To determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspension and expulsion rates in a sample of 650+ K-12 public schools. Primary Aim 2 hypothesis -- The total number of cumulative safety tactics and policies will be significantly associated with student discipline outcomes. Secondary Aim 2 hypothesis -- When organized into three domains (physical target hardening, emergency response and technologies, and school security), the total number of safety tactics and policies within each domain will be significantly associated with student discipline outcomes. Aim 3: To identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exist in effect modification analyses of the relationships between the implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and intentional shootings in K-12 public schools. Aim 3 Hypothesis: Significant urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic will exist in effect modification analyses of the relationships between the implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and intentional shootings in K-12 public schools.

Who can participate

Age range18 Years

SexALL

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Inclusion criteria

✓. The incident must have taken place on the school property.
✓. The gun must have been shot during school hours.

Exclusion criteria

✕. The shot was accidental.
✕. If it was a suicide/attempted suicide and there was no attempt to shoot another person. (Murder-suicides will be included.)
✕. The shot was fired on the school bus on its way to or from the school or another school-sanctioned event.
✕. The school was not in session for any reason.
✕. The school event was taking place at a location where school security measures were ineffective.
✕. The shot originated from outside the school and no person or property was hit in the school.

What they're measuring

Occurrence of School Shooting

Timeframe: Up to 9 years (January, 01, 2015 to December 31, 2023)

Trial details

NCT IDNCT05552716

SponsorColumbia University

Sponsor typeOTHER

Study typeOBSERVATIONAL

Primary completion2025-01-20

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