A Randomized Trial of Bicalutamide in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Biologic male adults (\>= 18 years old) * Note: Because no dosing or adverse event (AE) data are currently available on the use of bicalutamide in participants \< 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study but will be eligible for future pediatric trials, if applicable * Have suspected non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) on clinic-based cystoscopy or imaging as viewed by an American Urological Association (AUA) board-certified urologist * Have had cross sectional imaging of the abdomen and pelvis (computed tomography \[CT\] or magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\] with or without contrast) within 6 months prior to enrollment with no signs of upper tract urothelial cancer (UC), invasive, nor metastatic disease * Note: If adenopathy or upper tract abnormalities are identified, a negative biopsy and or ureteroscopy is required prior to enrollment * Newly suspected, diagnosed, or occasionally recurrent bladder cancer (BC) * Note: Occasional recurrence is defined as =\< 2 prior NMIBC episodes in the 18 months preceding cystoscopy where the index tumor was identified * Participants with single and multiple tumor lesions * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 1 * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (note: in participants with Gilbert's syndrome, if total bilirubin is \> 1.5 x upper limit of normal, measure direct and indirect bilirubin and if direct bilirubin is =\< 1.5 x upper l…