Dysphagia (swallowing impairment) is a serious health condition seen in many age-related disease and injury processes. Although videofluoroscopy (VF) is an international "gold standard" dysphagia diagnostic exam, there is a paucity of available normative physiologic VF reference values in healthy adults across the age span to guide interpretation of these examinations. In this project, the investigators will extend previous work on the quantitative measurement of swallowing physiology from VF examinations to establish reference values for swallowing in healthy adults, and to identify clinical decision point values for differentiating healthy swallowing across the age span from disordered swallowing in several high-risk clinical populations to study dysphagia.
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Number of participants with unsafe swallowing
Timeframe: Baseline
Number of participants with impaired swallowing efficiency
Timeframe: Baseline
Number of participants with delayed airway closure ("Time-to-laryngeal-vestibule-closure")
Timeframe: Baseline
Number of participants with poor pharyngeal constriction
Timeframe: Baseline