Open Retropubic Versus Laparoscopic Colposuspension (Burch Operation) Techniques for Female Stress or Mixed Urinary Incontinence; A Ten-year Experience in a Tertiary Center

Inclusion Criteria: * patients having SUI or mixed urinary incontinence whom conservative therapy (Kegel's pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, electrical stimulation, or medication) failed * SUI had been proven by urodynamic assessments. * patients who had urethral hypermobility supported by a Q-type test with a cotton swab angle greater than 300 * patients having a residual urinary volume of less than 100 mL were included. Exclusion Criteria: * history of anti-incontinence surgery * pelvic inflammatory diseases * urinary retention * SUI with intrinsic sphincter deficiency * neurogenic bladder * suspected malignancy * urge incontinence * chronic cystitis * urinary tract infection * prescription of anticoagulant or antipsychotic treatment * coagulation disorders * physically and medically unsuitable for colposuspension surgery * pregnancy and loss to follow-up.