Covered Metal Ureteral Stents in the Treatment of Benign Short Ureteral Stricture

Inclusion Criteria: * BSUS patients from January 2023 to January 2024 in Peking University People's Hospital, no gender limitation, aged from 18 to 80, Benign ureteral stricture with definite reason (ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ischemic ureter stenosis caused by surgical separation, ureter partial excision anastomosis stricture after operation, ureteral stricture caused by ureteral endoscope surgery, ureteral stenosis caused by impacted ureteral calculi, ureteral anastomotic stricture after urinary flow diversion, ureteral anastomotic stricture after kidney transplantation, retroperitoneal fibrosis, ureteral stricture caused by trauma, idiopathic ureteral stricture), patients can tolerate anesthesia and surgery and obtain informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with hypertonic neurogenic bladder, severe bladder outlet obstruction or bladder capacity less than 50ml, combined with sepsis, incomplete clinical data, failed stent implantation, insufficient indwelling time (\< 3 months), postoperative loss of follow-up.