Diaphragmatic breathing brings different advantages to improve physical and mental health but it could be difficult for the physically disabled group to follow the practice by themselves especially those with vision impairment. Therefore, guided deep breathing is desirable to address their needs but these are rarely analyzed in the previous literature. This research aims to study the physiological impacts and psychological health of audio-guided deep breathing on physically disabled groups. The psychological changes will be assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-BREF) and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Besides, physiological parameters such as tidal volume, electroencephalography, hair cortisol level and heart rate variability are measured non-invasively to evaluate the impact of audio-guided deep breathing. Furthermore, auditory Go-No Go Task will be adopted as a neuropsychological test in determining changes in response control and sustained attention in this study as well. Eventually, the pre-and post-interventional data will be analyzed and processed to study the effect of audio-guided deep breathing on these special groups.
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Change from baseline stress by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 days
Change from baseline quality of life by World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHO-BREF)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 days
Change from baseline mindfulness level by Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 days
Change from baseline Alpha waves by Non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG)
Timeframe: Baseline, 7 days, 14 days
Change from baseline Beta waves by Non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG)
Timeframe: Baseline, 7 days, 14 days
Change from baseline Theta waves by Non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG)
Timeframe: Baseline, 7 days, 14 days
Change from baseline hair cortisol level by hair cortisol analysis
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 days
Change from baseline tidal volume by digital spirometer.
Timeframe: Baseline, 7 days, 14 days
Change from baseline heart rate variability (HRV) by mobile HRV measurement software
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 to day 14
Change from baseline by Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 days