Straw Phonation Exercise Program for Pitch Extension

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants must be 18 years or older * no current voice disorder * no history of performance or professional vocal training Exclusion Criteria: * history of head/neck cancer, laryngeal surgery, current voice disorder requiring medical management * cognitive limitations that would prevent them from successfully and safely participating in the study. * history of gastrointestinal disease or surgery w * no known neurological or structural abnormalities of vocal folds * previous laryngeal surgeries; * allergies to local anesthetics (used to suppress a sensitive gag reflex during laryngeal endoscopic examination); * cardiac abnormalities; * recent history of smoking (must be completely smoke-free for six months prior to study commencement because of the effect of smoking on the voice and laryngopharyngeal reflux severity).