The investigators aim to understand the effectiveness of 3 types of breathwork exercises and a mindfulness meditation control on improving psychological and physiological measures of wellbeing. The interventions will be delivered remotely and effects are monitored through daily surveys and physiological monitoring with WHOOP wristband through a 28-day period. The information gained will help develop the most effective remote interventions for lowering stress and improving wellbeing. The study will be run on a healthy general population. The three breathing conditions were 1) Cyclic Sighing, which emphasizes relatively prolonged exhalations, 2) Box Breathing, which is equal duration of inhalations, breath retentions, exhalations and breath retentions, and 3) Cyclic Hyperventilation with Retention, with longer, more intense inhalations and shorter, passive exhalations. Mindfulness Meditation practice involved passive attention to breath.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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State Anxiety
Timeframe: Daily from Day 0 to 29
Trait Anxiety
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 29 (Baseline and Endpoint)
Positive Affect
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Negative Affect
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Daytime Sleep Related Disturbance
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 29 (Baseline and Endpoint)
Resting Heart Rate
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Heart Rate Variability
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Respiratory Rate
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Sleep Duration
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Change in number of hours of sleep
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28
Change in the ratio of number of hours of sleep to hours in bed
Timeframe: Daily from Day 1 to 28