Exploring the Role of Neuroactive Steroids in Tourette Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnostic criteria of TS for cases (and lack of any tic disorders for controls) * Age between 8 and 12 years old (this age range is to ensure that TS participants can perform the tic suppression task) * confirmation of sexual development by parent and/or self-reported Tanner stage of pubic hair development. Exclusion Criteria: * major psychiatric disorders such as a psychotic disorder, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder; * other neurological disorders; * clinically significant endocrinological disorders; * use of therapies that can modify hormonal profile; * pharmacotherapies that may change stress sensitivity, such as antidepressants and anxiolytics.