Assessing Risk Factors for Radiological Complications After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Inclusion Criteria: * Indications for TLIF surgery (e.g., degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis) * Existing preoperative upright standing sagittal plane X-ray of lumbar spine with clear visibility of pelvis, sacrum and femoral head * Existing preoperative MRI of the lumbar region with clear visibility of different fatty infiltration grade and stenosis degree * Complete follow-up at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, including clinical and radiographic data Exclusion Criteria: * Neuromuscular diseases such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis according to our records * Preoperative infection and/or malignancy tumor with involvement of the bony or soft tissue structures of the lumbar spine * Presence of a documented consent dissent