Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Standard Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals enrolled in TAVI arm were required to have the predicted risk of operative mortality was ≥ 15% and/or a STS score of ≥ 10. A candidate who did not meet the STS score criteria of ≥ 10 was included in the study if a peer review by at least two surgeon investigators concluded and documented that the patient's predicted risk of operative mortality was ≥ 15%. For all group Senile degenerative aortic valve stenosis with echocardiography derived criteria: mean gradient \> 40 mm Hg or jet velocity \> 4.0 m/s or an aortic valve area (AVA) of \< 0.8 cm2 (or AVA index \< 0.5 cm2/m2). Exclusion Criteria: * • Patients with evidence of an acute myocardial infarction ≤ 1 month before the intended treatment (defined as Q wave MI, or non-Q wave MI with total CK elevation ≥ twice normal in the presence of CK-MB elevation and/or troponin level elevation. * Blood dyscrasias as defined : leukopenia (WBC \< 3000 mm3), acute anemia (Hb \< 9 mg%), thrombocytopenia (platelet count \< 50,000 cells/mm³), history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy. * Hemodynamic instability requiring inotropic therapy or mechanical hemodynamic support devices * Need for emergency surgery for any reason. * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with or without obstruction. * Severe ventricular dysfunction with LVEF \< 20%. * Echocardiographic evidence of intracardiac mass, thrombus or vegetation. * Active peptic ulcer or upper gastro-intestinal bleeding within the prior 3 month…