The primary purpose of the proposed study is to evaluate the effects of a topical sodium bicarbonate lotion (PR Lotion, AMP Human, Park City, UT) on measures of hydration status and fluid balance in humans when exposed to the heat while resting and during light/moderate aerobic exercise. A secondary purpose is to examine these same effects with two differing dosage patterns of the lotion. A tertiary purpose is to investigate the effect of an amino acid rehydration beverage in comparison to a placebo on measurements of hydration, subjective assessments of stress, and vestibular as well as musculoskeletal measures of fatigue for up to 24-hours after the completion of both passive and exertional heat stress within a dehydrated state.
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Hydration Status - Change in Acute Urine USG
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Hydration Status - Change in 24-h Urine USG
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Hydration Status - Change in Acute Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in 24-h Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Acute Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol -15 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine USG
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Acute Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Hydration Status - Change in 24-h Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Hydration Status - Change in Acute Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in 24-h Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Hydration Status - Change in Urine Osmolality
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Sodium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Potassium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Acute Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in 24-h Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Electrolyte Levels - Change in Urine Chloride
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 20 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 60 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 130 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 190 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Sodium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 20 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 60 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Potassium
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 20 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 60 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 130 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 190 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Systemic Electrolyte Levels - Change in Plasma Chloride
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 20 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 60 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 130 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 190 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Systemic Osmotic Stress - Change in Plasma Osmolality
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Chronic Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary BUN Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Acute Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in 24-h Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -45 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 3 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 6 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 15 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Urinary TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma Creatinine Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma BUN Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at -35 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma IGFBP7 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Phase-specific PRE Session
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the -35 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 0 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 40 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 80 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Intervention Trial at the 220 minute mark
Renal Function - Change in Plasma TIMP2 Levels
Timeframe: Rehydration Protocol - 24 hours post-intervention