Effect of Hip Adductors Isometric Contraction on Knee Extensors Isokinetic Torque in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * Anterior or retro-patellar knee pain from at least 2 of the following Activities: (1) prolonged sitting; (2) stair climbing; (3) squatting; (4) running; (5) kneeling; and (6) hopping/jumping (Tyler et al., 2006). * Insidious onset of symptoms unrelated to a traumatic incident and persistent for at least 6 weeks (subacute or chronic pain). * They will be diagnosed as a PFPS case by a physician * The patient's age will be ranged from 18-35 years to limit the possibility that PFPS over age 35 may have been complicated by arthritic changes, and also the patients should have closed epiphyseal growth plates (Robinson and Nee, 2007). Exclusion Criteria: * A history of any of the following condition: meniscal or other intra articular pathologic conditions; cruciate or collateral ligament involvement. * A history of traumatic patellar subluxation or dislocation. * Previous surgery in the knee and hip joints. * Any lower limb bony/congenital deformity. * Ankle, Knee and hip joints osteoarthritis. * A history of any conditions affects muscle strength: diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis. * Pregnancy.