The Effect of Vitamin C on GCF Total Oxidant Capacity in Smoker Patients With Periodontitis

Inclusion Criteria: * all patients were systemically healthy * stage III-IV grade B periodontitis * A minimum of two non-adjacent teeth having sites with ≥ 5 mm interdental clinical attachment loss . * Radiographic bone loss extending to middle third of root and beyond . * All patients were heavy smokers i.e ≥ 20 cigarettes / day . Exclusion Criteria: * patients who had received any periodontal or antibiotic treatment or vitamins supplementation during the last six months. * pregnant or lactating women * patients who refused to provide written informed consent