Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Chronic non-specific LBP (\>3 months), defined as pain in the region between the lower ribs and gluteal folds, with or without leg pain. * Aged between 18 to 60 years old. * English or French speakers * At least a 4/10 score on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain intensity. The score will be the average of current pain, and best and worst pain over the previous week. * At least a 'moderate' Modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. * Able to undergo MRI exam. Exclusion Criteria: * Currently undergoing or having received physical therapy treatment in the previous month * Consistent motor control training for the low back and / or consistent weightlifting, power-lifting, bodybuilding, or strongman training in the previous 6 weeks * History of lumbar surgery * Presence of positive lumbosacral dermatomes or myotomes * Presence of disease which could affect the stiffness of muscle tissue (collagen tissue disease, hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis, blood clots) * Presence of systemic disease (cancer, metabolic syndrome) * Presence of rheumatoid arthritis * Presence of spinal stenosis, fracture, infection, or tumor * Presence of lumbar scoliosis greater than 10 degrees * Presence of cardiac arrhythmia * Pregnant and breastfeeding women * Individuals with epilepsy * Individuals at risk for serious bleeding * Individuals with pacemakers or metal implants * Individuals with aneurysms or heart valve clips * Individuals with tattoos or pi…