The objective of this study is to establish a near-real-time prospective monitoring program in Medicare, Optum and MarketScan Research data to evaluate the benefit of new cardiovascular disease (CVD) drugs for older adults with frailty. Prospective monitoring program seeks to find early effectiveness and safety signals of new drugs by updating the analysis at regular intervals as new Medicare data become available. This study specifically aims to emulate a prospective surveillance of the effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) vs. a comparator, warfarin, in older adults with atrial fibrillation and different frailty status. This program will be enhanced by incorporating a novel claims-based frailty index, which has been shown useful in assessing how the benefits and harms of drug therapy vary by frailty.
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Number of patients with composite events of stroke or systemic embolism
Timeframe: January 2013 - December 2020 (after drug initiation)
Number of patients with major bleeding
Timeframe: January 2013 - December 2020 (after drug initiation)