Total Lymphoid Irradiation Pre-HSCT in Severe Congenital Neutropenia

Plain-language summary

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a group of primary immunodeficiencies caused by distinct gene mutations and characterized by neutrophil maturation impairment, which leads to neutropenia, predisposition to severe bacterial and fungal infections, and myeloid malignancies. Granulocyte-colony stimulation factor is used for pathogenetic therapy, however, no adequate response is seen in some patients. The only curative option for SCN is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). An indication for HSCT in SCN is: no adequate response to G-CSF therapy, or development of malignancies, or found unfavorable mutations of SCN genes, leading to poor response to G-CSF and high risk of malignant transformation. One of the major peculiarities of HSCT in SCN is a high risk of graft failure. That was described in few studies in SCN transplantation and was also observed in our SCN HSCT cohort. We also consider the role of TCRab/CD19 graft depletion, which is routinely used in our center for GVHD prophylaxis in increased risks of graft failure. Another problem often observed in our patients is the relatively high risks of death of infections, developed after graft failure. Due to predominantly early HSCT graft failure development, non-sufficient immuablation is presumed as the main reason for graft failure. Because of the low level of toxicity, associated with TCRab/CD19 depletion usage, this strategy is planned to be used in the current study. To increase an immunoablative potential of conditioning regimen in SCN, total lymphoid irradiation will be studied in combination with myeloablative agents and standardly used serotherapy.

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