Non-Contrast Perfusion Using Arterial Spin Labeled MR Imaging for Assessment of Therapy Response in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. * Patients scheduled to undergo anti-angiogenic treatment or immunotherapy * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Status 0, 1 and 2. * Women of child-bearing potential must agree to undergo a urine pregnancy screening per standard Radiology departmental protocol, in place to prevent imaging of pregnant patients. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria: 1) Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects may not be receiving any other anti-angiogenic agents, at the time of enrollment. * Subjects must not be pregnant since pregnancy is a contraindication to administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. * Any contraindication to MRI per Radiology Department's routine protocol, e.g. MRI-incompatible objects, including but not limited to medical devices (e.g. pacemakers, automated implantable cardioverter defibrillators, etc.) and other foreign bodies. * Known severe allergic reaction to Gadolinium-based contrast agents. * Patients with sickle cell disease and patien…