Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection by Exploration of Cellular Immunity (TOXCELL)

Plain-language summary

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat and / or by poorly washed vegetables. It can be transmitted from the pregnant woman to the fetus when infection occurs during pregnancy leading to congenital toxoplasmosis. Once infected, it is considered that the subject harbors cyst forms of the parasite in the muscles and brain for life with a risk of reactivation when immunocompromised. Recently, questions have been raised about the persistence of these cysts. Currently, only serological diagnosis can demonstrate the infection. This is done by detecting IgM and IgG directed against the parasite. Although humoral immunity is useful to diagnose toxoplasmosis, the cellular immunity is responsible of the main protective role during infection with the secretion of cytokines such as gamma interferon. In some situations, the serological diagnosis is limited: in immunocompromised subjects, some immunocompetent patients, in children with congenital toxoplasmosis, in which the anti T. gondii antibodies are no longer detectable. In order to have a true evaluation of the capacities of the immune system of each individual against T. gondii infection, it is necessary to evaluate the effector immune cells. The main objective of this protocol is to set up a cellular test with the stimulation of lymphocyte by T. gondii. For this objective, 20 subjects (10 positive, 10 negative for Toxoplasmosis serology) will be included. The secondary objective will be to compare the cellular diagnosis (evaluation by ELISA of the secretion of gamma interferon in the supernatant of cells stimulated by the Ag) with the serological diagnosis (IgG and IgM Alinity Abbott and Western blot LD Bio) in 3 groups of 10 patients: chronically infected patients, uninfected patients, patients with congenital toxoplasmosis as well as to assess the persistence or not of cellular and humoral immunity against T. gondii in 10 patients who had acute toxoplasmosis with a known date infection more than 10 years. Thus, 60 patients will be included for a total study period of 24 months. This study will thus allow the sponsor to have a clear understanding whether a subject is able or not to react against T. gondii infection.

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