Parvovirus B19 Infection in Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Confirmed hereditary hemolytic anemias patients (age above 12 years) presented with signs and symptoms of hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) and admitted or treated in emergency departments or Hematology Units at Internal Medicine Departments of various university hospitals will be screened for enrollment in this study. Exclusion Criteria: * • Patients will be diagnosed with non-HHA as ( autoimmune hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), Wilson disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). * HHA-patients will refuse to consent to this study. * Serologic evidence of recent virus infection other than human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19); hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis E virus (HEV,) cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or positive test for HIV. * HHA patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). * HHA patients with a history of nephrotic syndrome or chronic kidney disease(CKD). * HHA patients with a history of treatment by immunosuppressive drugs. * HHA patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of relevant toxicity related to iron chelation. * HHA patients with severe systemic diseases (such as cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic disease) or surgical/medical conditions that might interfere with follow-up instructions. * HHA patients with a life expectancy of less than 1 year. * HHA patients with psychiatric disorders or a history of drug abuse, *…