This retrospective study will include Women who will attending to Azhar assuit, Sohag and South valley universities hospitals for any reason in the duration from 1 May to 31 October 2021, and who underwent elective CD under spinal anesthesia with horizontal lower abdominal surgical incision within last two years. Exclusion criteria will be refusal to participate, age less than 18 years, recent CD (within 3 months), if the infant had died, and history of chronic pain medications or psychiatric disorder. Data collection Participants will be contacted personally by one of study authors. Data collected are consisted of: * Participants' characteristics as Age, parity and ways of delivery, weight, height, residency, husband smoking status, work, previous abdominal surgery, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. * Last CD related data which include presence of multiple pregnancies, if CD was in private/public facility, presence surgical wound infection. * Pain experienced will be assessed by questionnaire described by Nikolajsen et al, 2004
Age range
20 Years – 40 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Chronic pain
Timeframe: Three months after the last ceserean section