This study aims at investigating the recovery kinetics of skeletal muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue and performance following a single change of direction (COD) training session in competitive soccer players. The impact of COD degrees will be also examined by comparing a 45o vs. 90o COD training session. Ten male soccer players will perform a COD45 \[A single training session including 2x(10x \~27.6m) sprints with two 45o COD in each sprint\], a COD90 \[A single training session including 2x(10x \~21.2m) sprints with two 90o COD in each sprint\] and a Control trial (No intervention included, only daily measurements) in randomized, repeated measures, crossover design. Assessments related to skeletal muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue and performance will be performed prior to training session and daily for three consecutive days post-training, in each trial.
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Change in creatine kinase activity
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in white blood cell count
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isometric peak torque
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in fatigue index of maximal voluntary isometric contraction during 10 seconds
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isokinetic peak torque of knee flexors
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in countermovement jump height
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in ground reaction force during countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak power during countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in mean power during countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in vertical stiffness during countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak rate of force development during countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak normalized electromyography (EMG) during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in mean normalized electromyography (EMG) during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump
Timeframe: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in repeated sprint ability
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in sprint time of 10m
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in sprint time of 30m
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in agility
Timeframe: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in field activity during the change of direction training session
Timeframe: During the change of direction training session
Change in heart rate during the change of direction training session
Timeframe: During the change of direction training session
Change in blood lactate concentration
Timeframe: At baseline and immediately post change of direction training session