Capnography-Assisted Learned Monitored (CALM) Breathing Therapy for COPD

Inclusion Criteria: * be adult males or females * have a diagnosis of COPD as defined by FEV1/FVC of \< 0.70 on spirometry testing or as shown on a chest computed tomography (CT) * receive standard care of pharmacotherapy with bronchodilators (e.g. long-acting beta-agonists, LABAs, or long-acting muscarinic antagonists, or LAMAs) as prescribed by their physician * are in stable medical condition as determined by pulmonary rehabilitation physician (i.e., not in need of acute higher level of care such as hospitalization) * have dyspnea \[as documented in their medical record or based on self-report; e.g., ≥1 on modified Medical Research Council questionnaire (mMRC) dyspnea; or ≥2 dyspnea score on item: "Over the last 4 weeks, I have had shortness of breath: almost every day = 4, several days a week = 3, a few days a month = 2, only with lung/respiratory infections = 1, not at all = 0; or "yes" response of binary presence of dyspnea-related avoidance of activities: "Have you avoided any activities due to shortness of breath?")\] * have elevated dyspnea-related anxiety symptoms: * DMQ-CAT dyspnea anxiety score ≤50; or * DMQ-CAT activity avoidance ≤50; * VAS dyspnea anxiety scale score of ≥20, administered with 6-minute walk test; * ASI-16: item #10, "It scares me when I become short of breath (at least "some"); * require ≤ 24 hours per day of supplemental oxygen * Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥24 * speak, read, and write English * are stably medicated for at leas…