Renal Considerations in the Heat Stress Recommendations

Inclusion Criteria: * Men and women * 18-44 y old * Body mass index ≤35.0 kg/m2 * Self-reported to be healthy. Exclusion Criteria: * Not within defined age range * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 mL/min/1.73m2 * Deemed highly active according to the physical activity questionnaire (i.e., \>3500 MET\*min/wk) * Body mass index \>35.0 kg/m2 * Current or history of any renal disease, heart disease, stroke, immune or autoimmune disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease/surgery * Hypertension during screening (systolic blood pressure \>139 or diastolic blood pressure \>89) * Using medications that blunt the physiological response to exercise (e.g., beta blockers) * Prescription medication with a known side effect of impaired temperature regulation or fluid balance (e.g., diuretics) * Positive pregnancy test at any time during the study or breast feeding * Current tobacco or electronic cigarette use or consistent use within the last 2 years * Inability to safely complete the peak oxygen uptake test