Effects of Antioxidant Sugar vs Granulated Sugar on Metabolic Outcomes in Healthy and Cardio Metabolic Subjects

Study 1: Inclusion Criteria: * Willingness to adhere to study protocol * Healthy adults to be aged between 18 and 60 years in both genders * Being non-smoker * Body mass index (BMI) between 23 - 26.9 kg/m2 (overweight). Exclusion Criteria: * Present of any kidney, liver and/or inflammatory disease (inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatoid arthritis and etc.), thyroid disorder, diabetes (Type 1 \& Type 2), cardiovascular or metabolic disease * Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or with fasting blood glucose level that more than 5.2 mmol/L * Pregnancy or lactation * Alcohol consumption, food allergy * Individuals who are on regular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and /or anti-obesity drugs, receiving any glucose lowering and/or lipid lowering medications * Change in the diet and physical activity (significant weight changes during study period) * Subjects who habitually consumed beverages rich in sugar such as milo, Teh tarik more than 500 ml, (as tested with the FFQ) Study 2: Candidates will be screened for: * Cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) * Pregnancy or breast feeding * Mental health status * Daily total sugar intake Inclusion Criteria: * Malaysian, aged ≥18-59 years old * Able to read, write and communicate well either in Malay or English * Attained at least formal education level (secondary school and above) * Able to use the gadgets and have acc…