Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common and highly debilitating psychiatric disorder, however, the predisposing brain mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the investigators aim to examine the immediate effect of transcranial brain stimulation (TBS) on brain activity and emotions in adults with and without BD as a first stage toward understanding the predisposing brain mechanisms of BD. The investigators hypothesize that TBS will reduce brain activity while playing a game with rewards in all adults, but the TBS will reduce brain activity more in the adults with BD compared to adults without BD. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that this reduced brain activity will be associated with reduced BD symptoms, such as negative emotions.
Age range
18 Years – 35 Years
Sex
ALL
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Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventral striatum activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related right ventral striatum activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left orbitofrontal cortex activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related right orbitofrontal cortex activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related midline rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related midline dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left amygdala activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related right amygdala activity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-left ventral striatum functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-right ventral striatum functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-left orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-right orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-midline rostral anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-midline dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-left amygdala functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)
Reward expectancy-related left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-right amygdala functional connectivity
Timeframe: Change in magnitude immediately before and immediately after each cTBS condition at scan visits (30-60 mins)