Effects of Flapless Laser Corticotomy in Canine Retraction

Inclusion Criteria: * Full complement of teeth with no congenitally missing teeth except 3rd molars. * Minor or no crowding cases requires four premolars extraction, canine retraction \& maximum anchorage with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. * No history of previous orthodontic treatment * Clinically healthy patients with no history of drug intake and\\or no history for any systemic illness, syndromes, craniofacial deformities. * Vital teeth with normal periodontium and no root resorption. * Adequate oral hygiene; probing depth values not exceeding 3 mm across the entire dentition; adequate thickness of the attached gingiva (1-2 mm). * No radiographic evidence of bone loss. Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic disease that might have affected bone formation or density, such as osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, or vitamin D deficiency. * Presence of any local or systemic surgical contraindication. * Extracted or missing permanent tooth/teeth except for 3rd molars. * Facial asymmetry