Comparison of Proton or Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy After Surgery for Endometrial or Cervical Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of cervical or endometrial cancer * Must have undergone an open or robotic hysterectomy (total abdominal, vaginal, radical, or total laparoscopic) for carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium * History and physical prior to registration * Documentation of history of: * Smoking status * Pelvic infection * Pelvic inflammatory disease * Endometriosis * Planned to receive either proton or IMRT radiation treatment, with use of rectal balloon, at any Mayo Clinic site * Plan for RT to pelvis with or without para-aortic lymph node irradiation * If received high-dose chemotherapy prior to registration, last dose must have been given \>= 21 days prior to start of RT * Complete blood count (CBC) performed within 21 days prior to registration * Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, or PET/MRI for staging before registration; may be pre-operative (op) or post-op * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 0-2 * Provide written informed consent * Willing to complete quality of life (QOL) questionnaires Exclusion Criteria: * Receiving external beam boost dose during RT * Distant metastases * Gross disease at time of RT * Histology of endometrial stromal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, melanoma or small cell carcinomas * Patients who exceed the weight/size limits of the treatment table * Positive or close surgical margins (=\< 3 mm) * Prior RT to the pelv…