Sympathetic Activity and Cardiometabolic Complications

Inclusion Criteria: * Measurement of 24h urinary metanephrines at the laboratory of "City of Health and Science" hospital in Turin between 2007 and 2015 * Availability of contextual clinical patient data as collected in prospective registries of Piedmont region Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (at the time of urinary metanephrines collection or within the following 5 years) * Diagnosis of other forms of secondary hypertension * Previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event * Chronic heart failure * eGFR \< 50 ml/min (according to CKD-EPI) * Liver cirrhosis * Acute conditions and/or hospitalization in ICU (at the time of urinary metanephrines collection) * Assumption of acetaminophen during the day before the 24-hour urine collection * Therapy with labetalol * Therapy with sotalol * Therapy with alpha-methyldopa * Therapy with MAO inhibitors * Therapy with tricyclic antidepressants * Therapy with buspirone * Therapy with phenoxybenzamine * Therapy with sulfasalazine * Therapy with L-Dopa * Therapy with sympathomimetic drugs or other vasopressors * Alcohol abuse * Cocaine abuse