Corrective Exercises With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation In Children With Flexible Flatfeet

Inclusion Criteria: The criteria for inclusion were * Di¬agnosed (by an orthopedist) with asymptomatic FFF, * Navicular height more than 9-millimeter (mm), * Grade III flatfoot grade (midfoot width exceeding forefoot width) * Normal body weight (BMI from 5th to 85th percentile), * Presented with no neuromuscular or osseous anomalies. Exclusion Criteria: The authors excluded all children who had a history of * Symptomatic flatfeet * Congenital deformities of the lower extremities (e.g. genu valgum, femoral anteversion, leg length discrepancy, hypermobile joint) * Scar/irri¬tated skin at the electrode placement * Neurological/ neuromuscular disorders.