This project examines the development of psychological well-being in children and teachers through a 12- week forgiveness education program conducted in three conflict zones of the world, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan. A 12-week forgiveness education program will be investigated in elementary schools in three conflict zones of the world, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan. The responsibilities of the sub-team in each of the three research sites will be: * a. recruiting schools, assisting the teacher training before the forgiveness education program starts * b. shepherding teachers, doing the fidelity checks, administering the instruments and collecting data during the forgiveness education program. Once a school gives permission to be part of this study, the forgiveness curriculum will be implemented as a 12-week standard curriculum for the grade 5 (US equivalency) students. Teachers of the grade 5 classes will be trained to administer the program. Teachers, students and their parents must give the consent to take part in the measures of the study.
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AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Change in forgiveness in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by EFI-30.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in forgiveness in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by EFI-C.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in anger in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in anger in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in anxiety in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in anxiety in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in depression in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in depression in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by PROMIS Measures.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in prejudice in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Ethnic Prejudice Scales.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in prejudice in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Ethnic Prejudice Scales.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in hope in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by Herth Hope Index.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in hope in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by Children's Hope Scale.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in self-esteem in adult (teachers) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in self-esteem in child (students) after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.
Change in classroom cooperation in students after forgiveness intervention assessed by the Classroom Cooperation Scale.
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 14 weeks, up to 31 weeks, up to 34 weeks.