It is reported that the standard method for fortification of human milk (HM) overestimates the energy and protein densities of HM (Macedo MHNP 2018), thus originating infant undernutrition (Macedo AJP 2018). The target fortification, based on analysis of HM composition, is considered the gold-standard method (Rochow 2015, McLeod 2016). This observational mixed cohort study aims to assess if very preterm infants fed HM with target fortification have greater growth during hospital stay and better body composition at term post-menstrual age (PMA), than those fed HM with standard fortification.
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weight gain velocity rate
Timeframe: from baseline (the first day of exclusive or predominantly feeding with fortified human milk) up to 40 weeks postmenstrual age or to home discharge, whatever comes first
length velocity rate
Timeframe: from baseline (the first day of exclusive or predominantly feeding with fortified human milk) up to 40 weeks postmenstrual age or to home discharge, whatever comes first
head circumference velocity rate
Timeframe: from baseline (the first day of exclusive or predominantly feeding with fortified human milk) up to 40 weeks postmenstrual age or to home discharge, whatever comes first
adiposity (fat mass index)
Timeframe: A single measurement performed up to 10 days after home discharge