The Physiology of Human Brown Adipose Tissue

Exclusion criteria

• ✕. Body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 40 kg/m2
• ✕. History of any local or systemic infectious disease with fever or requiring antibiotic within four weeks of drug administration;
• ✕. Diabetes, either previously diagnosed or hemoglobin A1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
• ✕. Use of oral or parenteral corticosteroids (epidural permitted) or other medication known to cause insulin resistance in the previous 6 weeks.
• ✕. Willingness to provide informed consent and follow study procedures, including attending scheduled visits.
• ✕. Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (including end-stage renal disease);
• ✕. Hepatic disease, including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) greater than or equal to 3 times the upper limit of normal; hepatic synthetic insufficiency as defined as serum albumin \< 3.0 g/dL; or serum bilirubin \> 2.0;
• ✕. Active malignancy (except squamous or basal cell carcinoma of skin)