The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if intervention of positive emotion working memory (PEWM), or negative emotion working memory (NEWM), or positive attention bias training (PABT) can prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) for the long-term effects of intervention in youth with depressive symptoms or with remitted MDD. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does intervention PEWM, NEWM or PABT lower the MDD onset in youth with depressive symptoms or with remitted MDD? * How long does the intervention PEWM, NEWM or PABT can lower the MDD onset when taken an initial training added one booster training? * Which cognitive factors can predict MDD onset? Researchers will compare PEWM, NEWM, PABT to a placebo (a training that contains no active component) to see if the interventions work to prevent MDD. Participants will: * Take a PEWM, or a NEWM, or a PABT or a placebo nearly every day for 2 weeks with 10 sessions at initial. * Take a PEWM, or a NEWM, or a PABT or a placebo the day after tomorrow for 2 weeks with 8 sessions at 6 months follow-up. * Be interviewed by clinicians with standardized diagnostic schedules for affective disorders and schizophrenia for 5 years * Answer survey questions about depression-related symptoms for 5 years.
Age range
16 Years – 21 Years
Sex
ALL
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Onset of a major depressive episode
Timeframe: From pre-training to 6 months,12 months. 24 months and 5 years follow-ups after training.