The aim of this study was to determine the effects of complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) and home programs on internal/external lymphedema, staging, fibrosis, and three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning and volume evaluation in head and neck lymphedema. Twenty-one patients were randomly divided into three groups: CDP; home program including self manual lymph drainage (MLD) and exercises; and control. CDP included MLD drainage, compression, exercise, and skin care. Self-MLD and exercises were performed by home program group patients. Assessment methods were applied at baseline and 4 weeks later for all groups. MD. Anderson Cancer Center Head and Neck Lymphedema Protocol was implemented to evaluate head and neck external lymphedema, staging, and fibrosis. An Artec Eva 3D scanner and the Autodesk ReCap Photo Studio software were used to determine and calculate the volume of the head and neck region via 3D surface scanning. Head and neck external lymphedema and fibrosis assessment criteria were performed to evaluate visible soft tissue edema and the degree of stiffness. To assess internal lymphedema, Patterson's scale was applied using fiber-optic endoscopic imaging.
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Change from Baseline Internal Lymphedema at 4 weeks
Timeframe: At baseline and 4 weeks later
Change from Baseline External Lymphedema at 4 weeks
Timeframe: At baseline and 4 weeks later
Change from Baseline Staging Lymphedema at 4 weeks
Timeframe: At baseline and 4 weeks later
Change from Baseline Characteristics of Tissue Changes (edema and/or fibrosis), The Anatomical Locations, and The Severity of The Identified Soft Tissue Abnormalities at 4 weeks
Timeframe: At baseline and 4 weeks later
Change from Baseline 3D Surface Scanning and Volume Evaluation at 4 weeks
Timeframe: At baseline and 4 weeks later