The purpose of this 5-year prospective research study is to characterize the association between concussions, sub-concussive exposure, and long-term neurologic health outcomes in former NFL players. To achieve the study aims, the investigators will conduct detailed research visits that include clinical outcome assessments, blood-based biomarkers, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) using investigational tracers and genetic testing. Ultimately, the goal of this study is to translate the findings from this study into clinical, interventional studies for at risk former NFL players.
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PET Neuroimaging SUVR Over Time
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
MRI Neuroimaging Over Time
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Serum Biomarkers Over Time
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in MDS-UPDRS Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Postural Stability-Sensory Organization Test
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Dot Counting Test
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Verbal Fluency, Trailmaking Test (TMT), and Color-Word Interference
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in PROMIS Cognitive Functioning Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in WAIS-IV Coding and Symbol Search
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Neuro-Quality Of Life (QOL): Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Frontal systems behavior scale (FrsBe)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Everyday Cognition assessment (ECog)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2-RF Cognitive Complaints Scale
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in PROMIS_29 Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II)-Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire NPI-Q2 Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Ego Resilience Scale (ER89) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Athlete Identity Questionnaire Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Childhood Development and Adversity Questions Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up
Mean Change in Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAPS) Score
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 3 Year Follow-up