Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment of gallbladder disease. LC is the common procedure for general surgeons. Although LC is a safe procedure with very low mortality (\<1%), it has some associated major morbidity. Bile duct injury is the most serious complication of LC. However, there are some postoperative morbidity including shoulder-tip pain. The incidence of shoulder-tip pain is about 15-45%, which might be influencing the patient outcome including length of hospital stay. From the previous studies, one of the important factor associated with this condition is pneumoperitoneum pressure. Thus, the suggestion of the intra-abdominal pressure should be low pressure as about 8 mmHg. However, the optimum pressure for the low-pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is controversial.
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Shoulder tip pain
Timeframe: 48 hours