The Rate of Space Closure With Piezocision-based Corticotomy in Different Facial Types: A Split-mouth Design

Inclusion Criteria: * Young adults and adults (15-29). * Middleastern Caucasian. * Females. * Having the defined orthodontic appliance, slot size, prescription, and technique of space closure. * Class II division I of moderate space requirement that is planned to have the first premolar extracted. * Average or high facial type. * Healthy patients without systematic diseases that could affect bone and tooth movement and no contraindication (medical or psychological) to avoid oral surgery. * No active periodontal diseases as this effect the cytokines expression (stabilized prostaglandin (PG) health) * Good oral hygiene. * No other method of non-surgical acceleration technique to be used. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who refused to consent for the study. * The two extremes of age (younger than 14 and older than 29). * Having other than the defined orthodontic appliance, slot size, prescription, and technique of space closure. * Extraction cases of high space requirements or other teeth than the first premolar. * Patients with systematic diseases that could affect bone and tooth movement and no contraindication (medical or psychological) avoid oral surgery. * Active periodontal diseases. * Other methods of non-surgical acceleration technique to be used.