Olfactory Contributions to Sleep-dependent Food Craving

Inclusion Criteria: * age between 18 and 40 years old * regular sleep schedule (average sleep duration of ≥7 h/night, habitual mid-sleep time 3-5 am \[deviation ≤2 h in daily mid-sleep time\], time in bed ≤9 h) * right-handed * fluent English speakers Exclusion Criteria: * history of significant cerebrovascular disease including (but not limited to) epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, meningitis * body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 (underweight) or above 24.9 (overweight or obese) * history of sleep disorder * job with night shifts * history of major head trauma with sustained loss of consciousness * history of neurosurgery, ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery, or cardiac surgery * history of cardiac pacemaker or neurostimulator implantation * history of significant medical illness including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma requiring hospitalization for treatment, renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, etc. * history of major psychiatric disorder including major affective disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia * claustrophobia * history of significant food or non-food allergy, including latex, detergents, soaps * presence of known smell, taste or ENT disorder * history of sinusitis or allergic rhinitis * history of alcoholism or consistent drug use * current smoking * current use of medications that affect alertness (e.g. barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, chloral hydrate, haloperidol, lithi…