Early Institutionalization Intervention Impact Project

Inclusion Criteria: * newly entering the institution system in and near São Paulo, Brazil, and the institution director or foster parent is the guardian at the time of baseline, * at the time of baseline assessment the child is less than 24 months old, * the child's birth weight must be at or above 2500 grams; none should be small or large for dates. Exclusion Criteria: * the child does not have a neurological or other genetic condition that severely impairs typical development (e.g. Cerebral Palsy, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Down Syndrome) * the child is below 2500 grams.