The objective of this longitudinal cohort study is to quantify the effects of antenatal opioid exposure on the trajectory of brain development over the first 2 years of life, examine associations with developmental and neurobehavioral outcomes, and explore how specific factors (differing antenatal and postnatal exposures, severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal, maternal stress/depression/parenting) modify these effects
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Primary outcome related to brain development: White Matter Volume
Timeframe: Birth to 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to brain development: Cortical Gray Matter Volume
Timeframe: Birth to 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to brain development: Deep Gray Matter Volume
Timeframe: Birth to 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to brain development: Lateral Ventricle Volume
Timeframe: Birth to 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to brain development: External cerebrospinal fluid
Timeframe: Birth to 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to behavioral and development: Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Timeframe: 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to behavioral and development: Spot Vision Screener
Timeframe: 22-24 months of age
Primary outcome related to behavioral and development: BITSEA
Timeframe: 22-24 months of age