This is a prospective clinical trial with each patient serving as his/her own control. Patients will be recruited in three different Hong Kong hospital. All patients at the recruitment centers with ongoing air leak after ≥ 3 days from the initial diagnosis of SSP will be approached by site investigators. Patient consented to enter the study will have their rate of air leak measured on day 3 (or after if enrolled later than day 3) byreplacing the conventional chest drain system with the digital chest drainage device (Thopaz). Autologous blood patch will be instilled if the patient still has persistent air leak on day 5 of chest drain insertion ( or 48 hours of electronic chest drain measurement of airleak).
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air leak reduction
Timeframe: 48 hours