Immune Response to Influenza Vaccine in ESRD Patients

Inclusion Criteria: \- ESRD patients aged 18 years or older, who had been treated for more than one month of either thrice weekly on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) or conventional high flux hemodialysis (HD), with a session dialyzer urea clearance (Kt/V urea) of 1.2 and greater, with a convection volume target of 20 L/session for the HDF group Exclusion Criteria: * Had received any vaccination within the previous four weeks, or influenza vaccination within six months * Patient who reported upper respiratory tract symptoms within three days prior to the study vaccination * A history of allergy to influenza vaccine or egg * Thrombocytopenia * In receipt of immunosuppressant medications, chemotherapy, or had immunodeficiency