Stopped: Unable to meet recruitment numbers, lack of participation
Labour pain can be intensified for labour inductions and women undergoing inductions often have earlier and more frequent requests for analgesia. Current evidence suggests that epidural analgesia effectively manages pain in labour, but may give rise to adverse effects for both the mother and neonate. Opioids are often added to epidurals to improve the quality of analgesia. Despite reassuring findings regarding epidural opioids, other investigators have found an association between epidural opioids and neonatal respiratory distress, lower Neurological and Adaptive Capacity scores, and reduced rates of breastfeeding. Given the heightened implications for the mother and neonate in situations requiring induction of labour, the desire for a positive outcome whilst still providing adequate maternal analgesia is paramount. This study thus aims to investigate whether a preliminary epidural Fentanyl bolus at the initiation of the epidural may help to improve analgesia for women undergoing labour inductions for post-term pregnancy in a safe manner. Importantly, the main rationale of this proposed practice being that by achieving adequate epidural analgesia earlier in the labour induction, this may lead to better pain control overall and less overall requirements for epidural PCEA boluses and epidural "top-ups" as the induction progresses.
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Labour analgesia quality: Change in verbal rating pain scale (VRS) after epidural placement
Timeframe: Verbal rating pain scale will be assessed 1) Prior to epidural placement, 2) 20 minutes after epidural placement, 3) 60 minutes after epidural placement, and 4) 120 minutes after epidural placement