DOAC Versus VKA After Cardiac Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Cardiac surgery, with or without cardiopulmonary bypass * Indication of postoperative oral anticoagulation: preoperative (atrial fibrillation/flutter of idiopathic venous thromboembolism disease), intraoperative (bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement/mitral valve repair or bioprosthetic tricuspid valve repair), postoperative (de novo persistent more than 24 hours or recurrent atrial fibrillation/flutter, venous thromboembolism) Exclusion Criteria: * mechanical valvular prostheses or ventricular assist devices * morbidly obesity (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m²), prior biliopancreatic diversion or sleeve gastrectomy * perioperative dysphagia needing naso-enteric tube or jejunostomy * antiretroviral of antifungal oral therapy * perioperative recent (less than 2 weeks) stroke * perioperative severe renal failure (clearance of creatinine under 30 mL/min or dialysis) * perioperative severe hepatic failure (elevated alanine aminotransferase more than 3 times the superior limit of normal range or cirrhosis) * perioperative recent (less than 3 months) heparin-induced thrombocytopenia