Evaluation of 3D Machine-vision Image Guided Surgery Spine Navigation

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine with ≤ grade 2 degenerative spondylolisthesis * Skeletally mature adults between the ages of 18-85 years at the time of surgery * Has completed at least 6 months of conservative therapy * Personally signed and dated informed consent document prior to any study-related procedures indicating that the patient has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study Exclusion Criteria: * Gross instability, defined as \> 3 mm translational motion on flexion/extension studies * Degenerative spondylolisthesis \> grade 2 * Degenerative scoliosis \> 10° at any level in lumbar spine * Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis * Endplate changes * Visible change in disc height * Radiographic confirmation of facet joint disease or degeneration * Prior surgery at any lumbar level including the level being treated except for: Lamino/Foraminotomy, Microdiscectomy, IDET, and Percutaneous Discectomy * Any evidence of a prior/current fracture, compromised vertebra, current or past trauma, or tumor at affected level or the spinous processes at the adjacent levels * Requires destabilizing surgical decompression that adversely affects the functioning of the facets * Cauda equina syndrome defined as neural compression causing neurogenic bowel (rectal incontinence) or bladder dysfunction (bladder retention or incontinence) * Significant peripheral neuropathy or acute denervation secondary to radiculopathy, caused by conditions other t…