Effectiveness of Combining Behavioral and Pharmacologic Therapy for Complex Insomnia in Veterans With PTSD

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \>18 years and \<65 years old * Diagnosis of PTSD as determined by the intake conducted through the PTSD Clinic or the Mental Health Clinic * Documented obstructive sleep apnea by polysomnography (AHI 5 or more/hour) who are non-adherent to CPAP as defined by device usage of less than 4 hours per night * Chronic ( 3 months' duration) insomnia disorder * Psychotherapeutic treatment stable for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization * Capable of giving informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Insomnia secondary to pain * History of narcolepsy and/or cataplexy * Treatment for seizure disorders * Pregnant or lactating * History of clinically significant hepatic impairment * History of hypersensitivity, intolerance, or contraindication to eszopiclone * Use of potent cytochrome p450 3A4 inhibitor medications (ritonavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, erythromycin, clarithromycin, troleandomycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole) and is unwilling or it is clinically contraindicated to stop the medication * Unwilling to try or use CPAP * Diagnosis of current schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder * Diagnosis of a substance dependence/abuse disorder in the past year * History of complex nocturnal behaviors while using eszopiclone * Severe psychiatric instability or severe situational life crises, including evidence of being actively suicidal or homicidal, or any behavior which poses an immediate danger to patient or others * Diagnosis of bipolar disorder * Consumption …