The investigators will define two separate groups of surgical procedures: 1.) an 'open group' in which mainly open anatomic lung resections will be included, and 2.) a 'minimally invasive' group in which mainly thoracoscopic anatomic lung resections will be included. Both groups will then be randomized to either the performance of the surgical procedure under 'standard conditions' or to the performance of the procedure with the additional use of a smoke evacuation system. During every procedure the hazardous smoke that is generated by the electrocautery in the surgical field will be collected through a tube at the height of the surgeons face. The smoke is then directly transferred to a mass spectrometer that is situated in the operating room (OR) and performs a real-time analysis of the chemical substances in the air. The degree of air pollution will be measured as well as the smoke evacuation systems' ability to reduce these hazardous chemical substances in the air can be evaluated.
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Hazardous fumes - specifically the concentration of Furfural, Benzene and Butadiene
Timeframe: assessment of measurement will start 4 months after the project is started and will take up to 12 weeks